Characterization and Evaluation of Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs
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Characterization and Evaluation of Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs Course
Introduction:
Carbonate reservoirs exhibit considerable heterogeneity across various scales, spanning exploration, production, and enhanced production. To accurately characterize these reservoirs, it is crucial to understand how primary depositional facies, diagenesis, and sequence stratigraphy impact pore development in carbonate rocks. Additionally, comprehending the variation in pore architecture and its influence on reservoir porosity and permeability characteristics is essential.
Given the widespread use of geostatistical models in defining 3D reservoir architecture, accurately defining the geometric distribution of potential reservoir facies, fluid barriers, and baffles at multiple scales has become increasingly important. This precise definition aids in constructing more accurate geologic models, which in turn contribute to more effective reservoir management and improvement.
Effectively integrating data on primary depositional environment (facies, probable geometry, susceptibility to diagenetic modification), sequence stratigraphic framework, and petrophysical characteristics of carbonates at various scales poses a challenge. To address this challenge, this course provides a comprehensive review of the factors influencing carbonate reservoir heterogeneity, from pore architecture to reservoir-scale geometrical attributes. It emphasizes the incorporation and integration of these parameters into the development of viable petrophysical-based reservoir models for carbonates.
In-class exercises are incorporated into the course to reinforce the potential integration of diverse datasets, providing students with hands-on experience in carbonate reservoir characterization.
Course Objectives:
How To:
- Build on previous experience with carbonate systems to integrate various aspects of carbonate rocks (depositional environment, primary facies and mineralogy, high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, and various Petrophysical characteristics) for improved carbonate reservoir architecture and flow unit characterization
- Apply knowledge of Petrophysical, sedimentological petrologic tools to characterize and evaluate carbonate reservoirs
- Recognize and better understand well log responses in carbonate systems and to learn to utilize data from formation evaluation tools to determine reservoir quality (porosity, permeability, and lithology)
- Identify potential stratigraphic variations in carbonate pore architecture and its effect on permeability
- Better understand the relationship of primary depositional facies, sequence stratigraphic framework, and diagenetic history to pore architecture and reservoir quality
- Better understand fracturing in carbonates, relating fracture density, aperture, length to facies, lithology, and diagenesis
- Distinguish controls on carbonate reservoir heterogeneity, from sub-reservoir to reservoir scale
- Better understand carbonate reservoir heterogeneity and the value of 3D geostatistical model building to better manage the development of carbonate reservoirs
Who Should Attend?
Exploration and development geoscientists, Petrophysicists, reservoir engineers, geostatistical modelers, and research/development staff who want to gain fundamental insight into carbonate reservoir characterization through an integrated geological and petrophysical approach.
Course Outlines:
- Importance of understanding the various scales of heterogeneity in carbonate reservoirs
- Carbonate deposition, diagenesis, mineralogy, rock textures, and pore types
- Carbonate rock and carbonate pore system classification
- Carbonate rock properties and core analysis
- Well log response, limitations, and strengths in carbonates
- Determination of lithology, porosity, and permeability
- Fracture identification and distribution
- Porosity/depth relationships in limestone and dolomite reservoirs
- Importance of sequence boundaries to development of pore architecture
- Variations in carbonate pore architecture and its effect on permeability
- Relationship of primary depositional facies, sequence stratigraphic framework and diagenetic history to pore architecture and reservoir quality
- Controls on reservoir heterogeneity, from sub-reservoir to reservoir scale
- Value of analogs for the development of petrophysical-based reservoir models
- Value and limitations of 3D geostatistical models to understand reservoir heterogeneity and architecture