Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and CO2 Injection
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Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and CO2 Injection Course
Introduction:
This course offers an intensive and practical approach to enhanced oil recovery (EOR). It focuses on three primary EOR processes: miscible flood (CO2 and miscible gas injection), chemical flood (micellar/polymer), and thermal recovery (steam injection and in-situ combustion).
The course delves into the physics underlying each EOR process, providing a comprehensive understanding of reservoir fluid flow and recovery mechanisms. Real-world field examples will be used to illustrate the application of each EOR process. In-class exercises will be conducted to estimate oil production forecasts using EOR techniques.
Course Objectives:
How To:
- Distinguish rock and fluid characteristics that influence gas flooding recovery
- Understand key factors and process fundamentals that affect volumetric sweep and displacement efficiency
- Estimate key parameters through problem assignments and spreadsheets
- Specify components of a well-designed gas flooding process
- Evaluate each field project based on physical principles and select the proper solvent and injection scheme
- Use compositional simulation to address basic recovery mechanisms and perform process optimization
- Identify problems, key parameters, and trends from field case studies
Who Should Attend?
Petroleum engineers who want an in-depth knowledge of immiscible and miscible gas flooding techniques. The participant should have some basic knowledge of flow through porous media and should already understand water flooding fundamentals, including black-oil PVT behavior, Buckley-Leverett flow, and optimization of well placement based on reservoir characterization.
Course Outlines:
Introduction to EOR
- EOR methods (description, classification, and status), EOR reserves
- Screening criteria
- Environmental aspects of EOR methods
Microscopic fluid displacement in the reservoir
- Displacement forces in the reservoir
- Capillary, viscous and gravitational forces
- Factors affecting phase trapping
- Mobilization and displacement of trapped phases
Macroscopic fluid displacement in the reservoir
- Reservoir fluid PVT properties; rock properties
- Material balance
- Mobility ratio
- Displacement efficiency – Buckley-Leveret theory and Welge method
- Areal and vertical sweep efficiencies; oil recovery efficiency
Miscible displacement
- Miscible displacement
- Phase behavior during miscible displacement
- First-contact miscible (FCM) process; multiple-contact miscible (MCM) process
- Process description using ternary diagrams
- Minimum miscibility pressure or enrichment in MCM process
- Selection criteria and design procedures
Chemical flooding
- Micellar/polymer flood, Surfactant flood
- Factors affecting phase behavior and IFT
- Displacement mechanisms under chemical flood
- The analytical model of chemical flood
- Selection criteria and design procedures
Thermal oil recovery
- Thermal EOR processes
- Effect of temperature on oil viscosity, reservoir fluid, and rock properties
- Steam properties and steam generation
- Heat losses from surface steam injection lines
- Wellbore heat loss
- Cyclic steam injection – Bob erg-Lantz model
- Selection criteria and design procedures
- Steam flood – Marx-Langenheim,
- Insitu-combustion: Nelson and McNeil model
- Selection criteria and design procedures
- Reservoir characterization and phase behavior
- Flow regimes and sweep
- Immiscible gas/waterflood mechanisms
- First contact miscibility mechanisms
- Multi-contact miscibility mechanisms
- Reservoir simulation, WAG design, and performance forecasting
- Performance and monitoring of field projects